TOEFL Speaking
science
Practice questions
- 1.How has the advancement of renewable energy technologies impacted the global approach to climate change?
- 2.In your view, what is the most significant scientific breakthrough of the past century, and why?
- 3.Do you think governments should prioritize funding for space exploration over medical research? Why or why not?
- 4.Discuss the role that citizen science projects play in modern research.
Model answer
Renewable energy technologies have profoundly shifted the global response to climate change by providing viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Firstly, the dramatic cost reduction in solar and wind power has made them competitive with coal and gas, encouraging both developed and developing nations to invest in clean energy infrastructure. This transition reduces greenhouse gas emissions, directly mitigating global warming. Secondly, innovations in energy storage, such as advanced battery systems, address the intermittency issues of renewables, ensuring a stable energy supply. As a result, countries can set more ambitious climate targets, like net-zero emissions, which were previously unattainable. Moreover, public awareness and acceptance of renewables have grown, leading to supportive policies and grassroots movements. However, challenges remain, including the need for grid modernization and equitable access to technology. Overall, these advancements have not only provided practical solutions but also fostered a global mindset shift towards sustainable development.
Target vocabulary
mitigate
to make less severe or serious
intermittency
the quality of not happening continuously or regularly
infrastructure
the basic physical and organizational structures needed for a society to operate
viable
capable of working successfully; feasible
net-zero emissions
a state where any human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are balanced by removals over a specified period
grassroots
involving ordinary people at a local level rather than leaders